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Verapamil, a cheap answer to drug resistance With some observations of potential cases of DCA resistance, Verapamil may be the key Verapamil is an inhibitor of "drug efflux pump proteins such as P-glycoprotein. This is useful as many tumor cell lines overexpress drug efflux pumps, limiting the effectiveness of cytotoxic drugs". Verapamil therefore stops cells from rejecting chemotherapy drugs. Drug pumps are widespread beyond bacteria: Candida, fungi in general, malarial parasites, Simply put, these proteins actually pump the drugs out of the cell. "These compounds, which include verapamil and cyclosporin, generally have little or no effect by themselves on the tumor cells, but when used in conjunction with antineoplastic agents, they decrease, and in some instances eliminate, drug resistance." from P-glycoproteins and multidrug resistance. Links to articles on Verapamil Certain cell proteins are involved in drug resistance in a variety of cancers including small cell lung cancer and breast cancer. "After three decades of research, can we confidently define the contribution of multidrug resistance transporters to chemoresistance " Modulation of multidrug resistance efflux pump activity to overcome chemoresistance in cancer. Drug resistance in pleural mesothelioma is due to P-glycoprotein expression, Modulation of vindesine and doxorubicin resistance in multidrug-resistant pleural mesothelioma cells by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. "P-glycoprotein appears to play an important role in such cells by acting as an energy-dependent efflux pump to remove various natural product drugs from the cell before they have a chance to exert their cytotoxic effects." P-glycoproteins and multidrug resistance. "Combination of this calcium antagonist with antineoplastic agents results in the establishment of chemosensitivity in tumor cells resistant to accepted chemotherapeutic agents and, to a lesser degree, potentiates the efficacy of such compounds in drug-sensitive malignancies." Very high levels of verapamil "produced an unacceptable degree of cardiac toxicity." Verapamil and adriamycin in the treatment of drug-resistant ovarian cancer patients In mesothelioma, "The drug dose-dependently also inhibited the in vitro growth of tumor cells; "Verapamil inhibits to different extents agonist-induced Ca2+ transients in human tumor cells and in vitro tumor cell growth. Reversal of adriamycin resistance by verapamil in human ovarian cancer
Verapamil Dosage This is what one person is using to achieve noticeable results:in a lymphoma: 12.5 mg/kg DCA - 3 times a day
Articles on the use of Verapamil Lab Rat? from the Wall Street Journal. Excellent article on protocols, including the use of Verapamil.
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